Chapter 25. HEREDITY
INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.1
1. What is meant by the terms (1) Heredity and (2) Variation.
Answer: (1) Heredity is the process by which characteristics or traits are passed from parents to their offspring through genes. For example, eye colour, height, and hair type are inherited traits.
(2) Variation means the differences in characteristics found among individuals of the same species. These differences make each individual unique. For example, differences in height, skin colour, or shape of leaves in plants.
2. Why is Mendel considered as the founder or father of genetics?
Answer: Mendel is considered the founder or father of genetics because he carried out experiments on pea plants and explained how traits are passed from parents to offspring. He proposed the basic laws of inheritance and showed that characteristics are inherited through factors (now called genes). His work became the foundation of genetics.
3. Formulate a sentence to demonstrate your understanding of the terms ‘dominant’ and ‘recessive.’
Answer: A dominant trait is expressed in an organism even when only one copy of its gene is present, whereas a recessive trait is expressed only when both copies of the gene are recessive.
Example: In pea plants, tallness is a dominant trait, while dwarfness is a recessive trait.
4. Name the scientist who discovered that Mendelian factors are present on chromosomes.
Answer: The scientist who discovered that Mendelian factors (genes) are present on chromosomes was Walter Sutton.
5. Give the synonym for Mendelian factor.
Answer: The synonym for Mendelian factor is Gene.
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