1. Find out incorrect sentence
(a) Protista includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms
(b) Whittaker considered cell structure, mode and source of nutrition for classifying the organisms in five kingdoms
(c) Both Monera and Protista may be autotrophic and heterotrophic
(d) Monerans have well defined nucleus
Answer: (d) Monerans have well defined nucleus .
[ Monerans are prokaryotic. They do not have a true nucleus. ]
2. Which among the following has specialised tissue for conduction of water?
(i) Thallophyta (ii) Bryophyta (iii) Pteridophyta (iv) Gymnosperms
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
Answer: (c) (iii) and (iv)
[ Pteridophyta – Have xylem and phloem ; Gymnosperms – Have well-developed vascular tissue .]
3. Which among the following produce seeds?
(a) Thallophyta (b) Bryophyta (c) Pteridophyta (d) Gymnosperms
Answer: (d) Gymnosperms
[ Gymnosperms produce naked seeds. ]
4. Which one is a true fish?
(a) Jellyfish (b) Starfish (c) Dogfish (d) Silverfish
Answer: (c) Dogfish
[ Dogfish (Scoliodon) is a cartilaginous true fish .]
5. Which among the following is exclusively marine?
(a) Porifera (b) Echinodermata (c) Mollusca (d) Pisces
Answer: (b) Echinodermata
[ Echinoderms (e.g., starfish, sea urchins) are found only in marine environments.]
6. Which among the following have open circulatory system?
(i) Arthropoda (ii) Mollusca (iii) Annelida (iv) Coelenterata
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (iii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
Answer: (a) (i) and (ii)
[ Arthropoda and Mollusca Arthropods and most molluscs have an open circulatory system. ]
7. In which group of animals, coelom is filled with blood?
(a) Arthropoda (b) Annelida (c) Nematoda (d) Echinodermata
Answer: (a) Arthropoda
[In arthropods, the coelom is reduced and modified into a hemocoel (filled with blood/hemolymph due to their open circulatory system). ]
8. Elephantiasis is caused by
(a) Wuchereria (b) Pinworm (c) Planarians (d) Liver flukes
Answer: (a) Wuchereria
[ Elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis) is caused by the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti (transmitted by mosquitoes). ]
9. Which one is the most striking or (common) character of the vertebrates?
(a) Presence of notochord
(b) Presence of triploblastic condition
(c) Presence of gill pouches
(d) Presence of coelom
Answer: (a) Presence of notochord .
[ All vertebrates have a notochord at least during embryonic stage. In adults, it is replaced by vertebral column.]
10. Which among the following have scales?
(i) Amphibians
(ii) Pisces
(iii) Reptiles
(iv) Mammals
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)
Answer: (c) (ii) and (iii)
[ Pisces (fishes) have scales ; reptiles have epidermal scales. ]
11. Find out the false statement
(a) Aves are warm blooded, egg laying and have four chambered heart
(b) Aves have feather covered body, fore limbs are modified as wing and breathe through lungs
(c) Most of the mammals are viviparous
(d) Fishes, amphibians and reptiles are oviparous
Answer: (d) Fishes, amphibians and reptiles are oviparous.
[Because it is not true for all members of those groups. Many fishes and amphibians lay eggs, and most reptiles are oviparous. But some reptiles (like certain snakes) and some fishes are viviparous.]
12. Pteridophyta do not have
(a) root
(b) stem
(c) flowers
(d) leaves
Answer: (c) flowers
[ Pteridophytes are vascular cryptogams that reproduce by spores; they lack flowers and seeds. ]
13. Identify a member of porifera
(a) Spongilla
(b) Euglena
(c) Penicillium
(d) Hydra
Answer: (a) Spongilla
[ Spongilla is a freshwater sponge belonging to phylum Porifera.]
14. Which is not an aquatic animal?
(a) Hydra
(b) Jelly fish
(c) Corals
(d) Filaria
Answer: d) Filaria
[ Filaria is a parasitic nematode living in the lymphatic system of humans/animals (not aquatic).]
15. Amphibians do not have the following
(a) Three chambered heart
(b) Gills or lungs
(c) Scales
(d) Mucus glands
Answer: (c) Scales
[ Amphibians do not have scales. Their skin is moist and smooth.]
16. Organisms without nucleus and cell organelles belong to
(i) fungi
(ii) protista
(iii) cyano bacteria
(iv) archae bacteria
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)
Answer: (b) (iii) and (iv)
[ Because both cyanobacteria and archaebacteria are prokaryotic organisms.]
17. Which of the following is not a criterion for classification of living organisms?
(a) Body design of the organism
(b) Ability to produce one’s own food
(c) Membrane bound nucleus and cell organelles
(d) Height of the plant
Answer: (d) Height of the plant
[ Classification uses fundamental features like body design, nutrition mode , presence of nucleus/organelles , etc. Height is not a basic criterion .]
18. The feature that is not a characteristic of protochordata?
(a) Presence of notochord
(b) Bilateral symmetry and coelom
(c) Jointed legs
(d) Presence of circulatory system
Answer: (c) Jointed legs
[ Because protochordates do not have jointed appendages.]
19. The locomotory organs of Echinodermata are
(a) tube feet
(b) muscular feet
(c) jointed legs
(d) parapodia
Answer: (a) Tube feet
[ Because echinoderms use tube feet for locomotion.]
20. Corals are
(a) Poriferans attached to some solid support
(b) Cnidarians, that are solitary living
(c) Poriferans present at the sea bed
(d) Cnidarians that live in colonies
Answer: (d) Cnidarians that live in colonies
Because corals are colonial members of phylum Cnidaria.
21. Who introduced the system of scientific nomenclature of organisms
(a) Robert Whittaker
(b) Carolus Linnaeus
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Ernst Haeckel
Answer: (b) Carolus Linnaeus
[ He is known as the father of modern taxonomy and formalized binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.]
22. Two chambered heart occurs in
(a) crocodiles
(b) fish
(c) aves
(d) amphibians
Answer: (b) fish
[ Fish have a two-chambered heart (one atrium and one ventricle), with blood flowing in a single circuit through the gills for oxygenation.]
23. Skeleton is made entirely of cartilage in
(a) Sharks
(b) Tuna
(c) Rohu
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Sharks
[ Sharks belong to the class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes). Their entire endoskeleton is made of cartilage and not bone.]
24. One of the following is not an Annelid
(a) Nereis
(b) Earthworm
(c) Leech
(d) Urchins
Answer: (d) Urchins
[ Urchins are sea urchins belonging to phylum Echinodermata, not Annelida.]
25. The book Systema Naturae was written by
(a) Linnaeus
(b) Haeckel
(c) Whittaker
(d) Robert Brown
Answer: (a) Linnaeus
[ Systema Naturae is the famous work by Carolus Linnaeus (Carl Linnaeus), where he introduced his binomial nomenclature and hierarchical classification system.]
26. Karl Von Linne was involved with which branch of science?
(a) Morphology
(b) Taxonomy
(c) Physiology
(d) Medicine
Answer (b) Taxonomy
[Karl von Linné is widely regarded as the father of modern taxonomy.]
27. Real organs are absent in
(a) Mollusca
(b) Coelenterata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Echinodermata
Answer: (b) Coelenterata
[ Because they show tissue-level organisation and lack true organs.]
28. Hard calcium carbonate structures are used as skeleton by
(a) Echinodermata
(b) Protochordata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Nematoda
Answer: (a) Echinodermata
[Echinoderms like starfish and sea urchins have a hard internal skeleton formed by calcium carbonate plates.]
29. Differentiation in segmental fashion occurs in
(a) Leech
(b) Starfish
(c) Snails
(d) Ascaris
Answer: (a) Leech
[ Leech shows true segmentation (metamerism), with body divided into repeated segments externally and internally. ]
30. In taxonomic hierarchy family comes between
(a) Class and Order
(b) Order and Genus
(c) Genus and Species
(d) Division and Class
Answer: (b) Order and Genus .
[The taxonomic hierarchy is: Kingdom → Phylum/Division → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species . So, Family comes between Order and Genus.]
31. 5-Kingdom classification has given by
(a) Morgan
(b) R. Whittaker
(c) Linnaeus
(d) Haeckel
Answer: (b) R. Whittaker
[The 5-kingdom classification of living organisms was proposed by Robert H. Whittaker in 1969.]
32. Well defined nucleus is absent in
(a) blue green algae
(b) diatoms
(c) algae
(d) yeast
Answer: (a) blue green algae
[ Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are prokaryotes and lack a membrane-bound nucleus.]
33. The ‘Origin of Species’ is written by
(a) Linnaeus
(b) Darwin
(c) Hackel
(d) Whittaker
Answer: (b) Darwin
[The book “Origin of Species” was written by Charles Darwin in 1859.]
34. Meena and Hari observed an animal in their garden. Hari called it an insect while Meena said it was an earthworm. Choose the character from the following which confirms that it is an insect.
(a) Bilateral symmetrical body
(b) Body with jointed legs
(c) Cylindrical body
(d) Body with little segmentation
Answer: (b) Body with jointed legs.
[ Jointed legs are a distinctive feature of insects, absent in earthworms.]
Short Answer Questions
35. Write true (T) or false (F)
(a) Whittaker proposed five kingdom classification.
(b) Monera is divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
(c) Starting from Class, Species comes before the Genus.
(d) Anabaena belongs to the kingdom Monera.
(e) Blue green algae belongs to the kingdom Protista.
(f) All prokaryotes are classified under Monera.
Answer: (a) Whittaker proposed five kingdom classification. → True
[ R.H. Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom system (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) in 1969.]
(b) Monera is divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. → True
[ Kingdom Monera includes Archaebacteria (archaea) and Eubacteria (true bacteria, including cyanobacteria). ]
(c) Starting from Class, Species comes before the Genus. → False
[ In the taxonomic hierarchy : Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species ].
(d) Anabaena belongs to the kingdom Monera. → True
[ Anabaena is a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), which is prokaryotic and placed in Kingdom Monera. ]
(e) Blue green algae belongs to the kingdom Protista. → False
[ Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are prokaryotes and belong to Kingdom Monera (not Protista, which consists of unicellular eukaryotes).]
(f) All prokaryotes are classified under Monera. → True
[ In the five-kingdom classification, all prokaryotic organisms (without a well-defined nucleus) are placed under Kingdom Monera. ]
36. Fill in the blanks
(a) Fungi shows———mode of nutrition.
(b) Cell wall of fungi is made up of ———.
(c) Association between blue green algae and fungi is called as———.
(d) Chemical nature of chitin is ———.
(e) ———has smallest number of organisms with maximum number of similar characters
(f) Plants without well differentiated stem, root and leaf are kept in ———.
(g) ———are called as amphibians of the plant kingdom.
Answer: (a) Fungi shows saprophytic mode of nutrition.
(b) Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin .
(c) Association between blue green algae and fungi is called as lichens.
(d) Chemical nature of chitin is carbohydrate
(e) Species has smallest number of organisms with maximum number of similar characters.
(f) Plants without well differentiated stem, root and leaf are kept in Thallophyta.
(g) Bryophytes are called as amphibians of the plant kingdom.
37. You are provided with the seeds of gram, wheat, rice, pumpkin, maize and pea. Classify them whether they are monocot or dicot.
Answer: The classification of the given seeds are :
|
Monocot |
Dicot |
|
Wheat Rice Maize |
Gram Pumpkin Pea |
Monocots have one cotyledon (seed leaf), while dicots have two cotyledons.
38. Match items of column (A) with items of column (B)
(A) (B)
(a) Naked seed (A) Angiosperms
(b) Covered seed (B) Gymnosperms
(c) Flagella (C) Bryophytes
(d) Marchantia (D) Euglena
(e) Marsilea (E) Thallophyta
(f) Cladophora (F) Pteridophyta
(g) Penicillium (G) Fungi
Answer: (a) Naked seed → (B) Gymnosperms
(b) Covered seed → (A) Angiosperms
(c) Flagella → (D) Euglena (Euglena is a protist with flagella for locomotion.)
(d) Marchantia → (C) Bryophytes
(e) Marsilea → (F) Pteridophyta
(f) Cladophora → (E) Thallophyta
(g) Penicillium → (G) Fungi
39. Match items of column (A) with items of column (B)
(A) (B)
(a) Pore bearing animals (A) Arthropoda
(b) Diploblastic (B) Coelenterata
(c) Metameric segmentation (C) Porifera
(d) Jointed legs (D) Echinodermata
(e) Soft bodied animals (E) Mollusca
(f) Spiny skinned animals (F) Annelida
Answer: (a) Pore bearing animals → (C) Porifera
(b) Diploblastic → (B) Coelenterata
(c) Metameric segmentation → (F) Annelida
(d) Jointed legs → (A) Arthropoda
(e) Soft bodied animals → (E) Mollusca
(f) Spiny skinned animals → (D) Echinodermata
40. Classify the following organisms based on the absence/presence of true coelom (i.e., acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate)
Spongilla, Sea anemone, Planaria, Liver fluke Wuchereria, Ascaris, Nereis, Earthworm, Scorpion, Birds, Fishes, Horse.
Answer: The classification are :
|
Acoelomate (No true body cavity) |
Pseudocoelomate (False body cavity) |
Coelomate (True body cavity) |
|
Spongilla, Sea anemone, Planaria, Liver fluke |
Wuchereria, Ascaris |
Nereis, Earthworm, Scorpion, Birds, Fishes, Horse |
Coelomates have a true body cavity lined by mesoderm.
41. Endoskeleton of fishes are made up of cartilage and bone; classify the following fishes as cartilagenous or bony :
Torpedo, Sting ray, Dog fish, Rohu, Angler fish, Exocoetus.
Answer: The classification are :
|
Cartilaginous Fishes (Skeleton made of cartilage) |
Bony Fishes (Skeleton made of bone) |
|
Torpedo, Sting ray, Dog fish |
Rohu, Angler fish, Exocoetus |
Cartilaginous fishes belong to class Chondrichthyes, while bony fishes belong to class Osteichthyes.
42. Classify the following based on number of chambers in their heart.
Rohu, Scoliodon, Frog, Salamander, Flying lizard, King Cobra, Crocodile, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale
Answer: The classification are :
|
Two-chambered Heart |
Three-chambered Heart |
Four-chambered Heart |
|
Rohu, Scoliodon |
Frog, Salamander, Flying lizard, King Cobra |
Crocodile, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale |
43. Classify Rohu, Scolidon, Flying lizard, King Kobra, Frog, Salamander,
Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Crocodile and Whale into the cold blooded/warm blooded animals.
Answer: The classification are :
|
Cold-blooded Animals |
Warm-blooded Animals |
|
Rohu, Scoliodon, Flying lizard, King Cobra, Frog, Salamander, Crocodile |
Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Whale |
44. Name two egg laying mammals.
Answer: Two egg-laying mammals are Platypus and Echidna
[ They are monotremes, the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young.]
45. Fill in the blanks
(a) Five kingdom classification of living organisms is given by ———.
(b) Basic smallest unit of classification is ———.
(c) Prokaryotes are grouped in Kingdom ———.
(d) Paramecium is a protista because of its ———.
(e) Fungi do not contain ———.
(f) A fungus ——— can be seen without microscope.
(g) Common fungi used in preparing the bread is ———.
(h) Algae and fungi form symbiotic association called ———.
Answer: (a) Five kingdom classification of living organisms is given by Robert Whittaker (or R.H. Whittaker / Whittaker).
(b) Basic smallest unit of classification is species.
(c) Prokaryotes are grouped in Kingdom Monera.
(d) Paramecium is a protista because of its eukaryotic unicellular organisation (or unicellular eukaryotic nature / well-defined nucleus).
(e) Fungi do not contain chlorophyll.
(f) A fungus mushroom can be seen without microscope.
(g) Common fungi used in preparing the bread is yeast.
(h) Algae and fungi form symbiotic association called lichens.
46. Give True (T) and False (F)
(a) Gymnosperms differ from Angiosperms in having covered seed.
(b) Non flowering plants are called Cryptogamae.
(c) Bryophytes have conducting tissue.
(d) Funaria is a moss.
(e) Compound leaves are found in many ferns.
(f) Seeds contain embryo.
Answer: (a) Gymnosperms differ from Angiosperms in having covered seed. – False
(b) Non flowering plants are called Cryptogamae. – True
(c) Bryophytes have conducting tissue. – False
(d) Funaria is a moss. – True
(e) Compound leaves are found in many ferns. – True
(f) Seeds contain embryo. – True
47. Give examples for the following
(a) Bilateral, dorsiventral symmetry is found in———.
(b) Worms causing disease elephantiasis is———.
(c) Open circulatory system is found in———where coelomic cavity is filled with blood.
(d) ———are known to have pseudocoelom.
Answer: (a) Bilateral, dorsiventral symmetry is found in liver fluke (or Platyhelminthes / flatworms).
(b) Worms causing disease elephantiasis is filarial worm (or Wuchereria).
(c) Open circulatory system is found in arthropods where coelomic cavity is filled with blood.
(d) Nematodes (or roundworms / Aschelminthes) are known to have pseudocoelom.
48. Label a,b,c and d. given in Fig. 7.1 Give the function of (b)
Photo
Answer: a – Dorsal fin , b – Caudal fin , c – Anal fin , d – Pelvic fin
The function of Caudal fin :
The caudal fin of Rohu helps in forward movement. It provides thrust during swimming and helps the fish to move quickly through water.
49. Fill in the boxes given in Fig. 7.2 with appropriate characteristics/plant group (s)
Answer:
Photo
Long Answer Questions
50. Write names of few thallophytes. Draw a labelled diagram of Spirogyra.
Answer: Examples of thallophytes are Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Cladophora, Ulva and Chara.
These plants have a simple thallus body and do not have true roots, stems or leaves.
Photo
51. Thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta are called as ‘Cryptogams’. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are called as ‘phanerogams’. Discuss why? Draw one example of Gymnosperm.
Answer: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta are called Cryptogams because they are non-flowering plants that reproduce by hidden spores .
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are called Phanerogams because they are flowering (or seed-producing) plants with visible reproductive structures .
52. Define the terms and give one example of each
(a) Bilateral symmetry
(b) Coelom
(c) Triploblastic
Answer: (a) Bilateral Symmetry : When the body of an organism can be divided into two equal halves only by one vertical plane, it is called bilateral symmetry.
Example: Earthworm.
(b) Coelom : Coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity present between the body wall and internal organs, lined by mesoderm.
Example: Human being.
(c) Triploblastic : Animals having three germ layers, namely ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, are called triploblastic animals.
Example: Frog.
53. You are given leech, Nereis, Scolopendra, prawn and scorpion; and all have segmented body organisation. Will you classify them in one group? If no, give the important characters based on which you will separate these organisms into different groups.
Answer: No, they will not be classified in one group despite segmented body.
Separation based on key characters are :
Leech and Nereis – Annelida .
Scolopendra, prawn and scorpion – Arthropoda .
54. Which organism is more complex and evolved among Bacteria, Mushroom and Mango tree. Give reasons.
Answer: Among Bacteria, Mushroom and Mango tree, Mango tree is the most complex and evolved organism.
(i) Bacteria are prokaryotic and unicellular. They do not have true nucleus.
(ii) Mushroom is multicellular but does not have chlorophyll and true vascular tissues.
(iii) Mango tree is multicellular, has true nucleus, well-developed tissues, vascular system, flowers and seeds.
So, Mango tree shows higher level of body organisation and complexity.
55. Differentiate between flying lizard and bird. Draw the diagram.
Answer: The difference between Flying Lizard and Bird are:
|
Flying Lizard |
Bird |
|
(i) Belongs to class Reptilia. |
(i) Belongs to class Aves. |
|
(ii) Cold-blooded animal. |
(ii) Warm-blooded animal. |
|
(iii) Body covered with dry scales. |
(iii) Body covered with feathers. |
|
(iv) Heart has three chambers. |
(iv) Heart has four chambers. |
Photo
56. List out some common features in cat, rat and bat.
Answer: The common features of Cat, Rat and Bat are :
(i) All are mammals.
(ii) Body covered with hair.
(iii) Warm-blooded animals.
(iv) Four-chambered heart.
(v) Give birth to young ones.
(vi) Females have mammary glands to feed their young.
(vii) Breathe through lungs.
57. Why do we keep both snake and turtle in the same class?
Answer: Snake and turtle are kept in the same class Reptilia because both are cold-blooded vertebrates. They breathe through lungs, have dry scaly skin, lay eggs with tough covering and have three-chambered heart (except crocodile). These common features place them in the same class.
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