6. Tissues Class 9 NCERT Exemplar Solutions Chapter 1 (CBSE Science)
CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 6: Tissues – NCERT Exemplar Questions with Answers
Chapter 6: Tissues
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following tissues has dead cells?
(a) Parenchyma (b) Sclerenchyma (c) Collenchyma (d) Epithelial tissue
Answer: (b) Sclerenchyma
[ Sclerenchyma consists of dead cells with thick lignified walls for mechanical support; parenchyma, collenchyma, and epithelial tissues have living cells.]
2. Find out incorrect sentence
(a) Parenchymatous tissues have intercellular spaces
(b) Collenchymatous tissues are irregularly thickened at corners
(c) Apical and intercalary meristems are permanent tissues
(d) Meristematic tissues, in its early stage, lack vacuoles
Answer: (c) Apical and intercalary meristems are permanent tissues
[ Apical and intercalary meristems are meristematic tissues that actively divide for growth; they are not permanent tissues. ]
3. Girth of stem increases due to
(a) apical meristem (b) lateral meristem (c) intercalary meristem (d) vertical meristem
Answer: (b) lateral meristem
[The increase in the girth (thickness) of the stem is due to the lateral meristem, which includes the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. These are responsible for secondary growth in plants.]
4. Which cell does not have perforated cell wall?
(a) Tracheids (b) Companion cells (c) Sieve tubes (d) Vessels
Answer: (b) Companion cells
[ Companion cells are living phloem cells with a thin, non-perforated cell wall. In contrast, sieve tubes, tracheids, and vessels are involved in transport and have specialised structures; vessels and tracheids are xylem elements, and sieve tubes have perforated sieve plates.]
5. Intestine absorb the digested food materials. What type of epithelial cells are responsible for that?
(a) Stratified squamous epithelium (b) Columnar epithelium
(c) Spindle fibres (d) Cuboidal epithelium
Answer: (b) Columnar epithelium
[Columnar epithelial cells line the small intestine and help in the absorption of digested food.]
6. A person met with an accident in which two long bones of hand were dislocated. Which among the following may be the possible reason?
(a) Tendon break (b) Break of skeletal muscle
(c) Ligament break (d) Areolar tissue break
Answer: (c) Ligament break
[Ligaments connect bones to bones. If two bones are dislocated, it is likely due to damage to the ligaments. ]
7. While doing work and running, you move your organs like hands, legs etc. Which among the following is correct?
(a) Smooth muscles contract and pull the ligament to move the bones
(b) Smooth muscles contract and pull the tendons to move the bones
(c) Skeletal muscles contract and pull the ligament to move the bones
(d) Skeletal muscles contract and pull the tendon to move the bones
Answer: (d) Skeletal muscles contract and pull the tendon to move the bones
[ When you run or work, skeletal muscles (voluntary) contract and pull tendons (which connect muscle to bone), causing the bones to move. Ligaments connect bone to bone, not muscle. ]
8. Which muscles act involuntarily?
(i) Striated muscles (ii) Smooth muscles (iii) Cardiac muscles (iv) Skeletal muslces
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
Answer: (b) (ii) and (iii)
[ Involuntary muscles are smooth muscles and cardiac muscles.]
9. Meristematic tissues in plants are
(a) localised and permanent (b) not limited to certain regions
(c) localised and dividing cells (d) growing in volume
Answer: (c) localised and dividing cells
[ Meristematic tissues are found only in specific regions (localised) like root tip, shoot tip, and cambium. Their main job is continuous cell division for plant growth. ]
10. Which is not a function of epidermis?
(a) Protection from adverse condition (b) Gaseous exchange
(c) Conduction of water (d) Transpiration
Answer: (c) Conduction of water
[ Epidermis protects the plant, allows gaseous exchange through stomata, and helps in transpiration. It does not conduct water ]
11. Select the incorrect sentence
(a) Blood has matrix containing proteins, salts and hormones
(b) Two bones are connected with ligament
(c) Tendons are non-fibrous tissue and fragile
(d) Cartilage is a form of connective tissue
Answer: (c) Tendons are non-fibrous tissue and fragile
[ Tendons are dense fibrous connective tissues, very strong and tough, not fragile; they connect muscle to bone. ]
12. Cartilage is not found in
(a) nose (b) ear (c) kidney (d) larynx
Answer: (c) kidney
[ Cartilage provides flexible support and is present in nose, ear, larynx (voice box), trachea. It is absent in kidney, where cuboidal epithelium forms tubules and corpuscles.]
13. Fats are stored in human body as
(a) cuboidal epithelium (b) adipose tissue (c) bones (d) cartilage
Answer: (b) adipose tissue
[ Fats in the human body are stored in adipose tissue, which is a type of connective tissue that stores energy and also provides insulation and cushioning to the body.]
14. Bone matrix is rich in
(a) fluoride and calcium (b) calcium and phosphorus
(c) calcium and potassium (d) phosphorus and potassium
Answer: (b) calcium and phosphorus
[ Bone is a connective tissue with a hard matrix made of calcium and phosphorus compounds (mainly calcium phosphate), which gives bones strength and rigidity.]
15. Contractile proteins are found in
(a) bones (b) blood (c) muscles (d) cartilage
Answer: (c) muscles
[ Contractile proteins (actin and myosin) are present in muscle cells/fibres, enabling contraction and movement. They are absent in bones, blood, or cartilage.]
16. Voluntary muscles are found in
(a) alimentary canal (b) limbs (c) iris of the eye (d) bronchi of lungs
Answer: (b) limbs
[ Voluntary (skeletal) muscles are under conscious control and are present in limbs (arms, legs) for movements like walking or lifting. Involuntary muscles are in alimentary canal, iris, bronchi. ]
17. Nervous tissue is not found in
(a) brain (b) spinal cord (c) tendons (d) nerves
Answer: (c) tendons
[ Nervous tissue (made of neurons and neuroglia) is present in brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Tendons are dense fibrous connective tissue (no nervous tissue) that connect muscle to bone. ]
18. Nerve cell does not contain
(a) axon (b) nerve endings (c) tendons (d) dendrites
Answer: (c) tendons
[ A nerve cell (neuron) has axon, dendrites, and nerve endings (for signal transmission). Tendons are not part of any cell, they are thick connective tissue bands outside cells.]
19. Which of the following helps in repair of tissue and fills up the space inside the organ?
(a) Tendon (b) Adipose tissue (c) Areolar (d) Cartilage
Answer: (c) Areolar
[ Areolar tissue is a type of connective tissue. It is found between the skin and muscles and also around organs. ]
20. The muscular tissue which function throughout the life continuously without fatigue is
(a) skeletal muscle (b) cardiac muscle (c) smooth muscle (d) voluntary muscle
Answer: (b) Cardiac muscle .
[ Cardiac muscle is present only in the heart. Its main work is to pump blood continuously to all parts of the body.]
21. Which of the following cells is found in the cartilaginous tissue of the body?
(a) Mast cells (b) Basophils (c) Osteocytes (d) Chondrocytes
Answer: (d) Chondrocytes
[ Cartilage is a connective tissue made up of specialized cells called chondrocytes. They produce and maintain the flexible matrix of cartilage. Osteocytes are in bone, mast cells and basophils are in blood/connective tissue (not cartilage).]
22. The dead element present in the phloem is
(a) companion cells (b) phloem fibres (c) phloem parenchyma (d) sieve tubes
Answer: (b) phloem fibres
[Phloem fibres also called bast fibres are the only dead elements in phloem. They provide mechanical support to the plant. The other phloem components like sieve tubes companion cells and phloem parenchyma are living.]
23. Which of the following does not lose their nucleus at maturity?
(a) Companion cells (b) Red blood cells (c) Vessel (d) Sieve tube cells
Answer: (a) Companion cells
[ Companion cells retain their nucleus and remain living to support sieve tube cells. Red blood cells, vessels (xylem), and sieve tube cells lose their nucleus at maturity.]
24. In desert plants, rate of water loss gets reduced due to the presence of
(a) cuticle (b) stomata (c) lignin (d) suberin
Answer: (a) cuticle
[ Desert plants have a thick, waxy cuticle on leaves and stems that acts as a waterproof layer, reducing transpiration (water loss). Stomata are minimized, but cuticle is the main barrier. ]
25. A long tree has several branches. The tissue that helps in the side ways conduction of water in the branches is
(a) collenchyma (b) xylem parenchyma (c) parenchyma (d) xylem vessels
Answer: (b) xylem parenchyma
[ Xylem parenchyma (living cells in xylem) allows lateral (sideways) movement of water and nutrients between xylem vessels in branches. Vessels conduct water mainly upwards, not sideways.]
26. If the tip of sugarcane plant is removed from the field, even then it keeps on growing in length. It is due to the presence of
(a) cambium (b) apical meristem (c) lateral meristem (d) intercalary meristem
Answer: (d) intercalary meristem
[ Intercalary meristem is present at the base of internodes/nodes in grasses like sugarcane. It causes growth in length even after removing the apical tip (apical meristem).]
27. A nail is inserted in the trunk of a tree at a height of 1 metre from the ground level. After 3 years the nail will
(a) move downwards (b) move upwards (c) remain at the same position (d) move sideways
Answer: (c) remain at the same position
[ Tree trunks grow in length only at the apical meristem (tips). Growth in the middle trunk is only in girth (lateral meristem), so the nail stays at the same height.]
28. Parenchyma cells are
(a) relatively unspecified and thin walled (b) thick walled and specialised (c) lignified (d) none of these
Answer: (a) relatively unspecified and thin walled
[ Parenchyma cells are simple plant cells that are living thin walled and not highly specialised. They mainly help in storage photosynthesis and basic support in plants.]
29. Flexibility in plants is due to
(a) collenchyma (b) sclerenchyma (c) parenchyma (d) chlorenchyma
Answer: (a) collenchyma
[ Collenchyma provides flexibility to plants and allows them to bend without breaking. It has unevenly thickened cell walls and is mainly found in young stems and leaf stalks.]
30. Cork cells are made impervious to water and gases by the presence of
(a) cellulose (b) lipids (c) suberin (d) lignin
Answer: (c) suberin
[ Cork cells become impervious to water and gases due to the presence of suberin, a waxy substance that makes the cells waterproof and protective.]
31. Survival of plants in terrestrial environment has been made possible by the presence of
(a) intercalary meristem (b) conducting tissue (c) apical meristem (d) parenchymatous tissue
Answer: (b) conducting tissue
[ Survival of plants on land became possible mainly due to conducting tissues xylem and phloem. These tissues help in transport of water minerals and food throughout the plant body which is essential for life in terrestrial conditions.]
32. Choose the wrong statement
(a) The nature of matrix differs according to the function of the tissue
(b) Fats are stored below the skin and in between the internal organs
(c) Epithelial tissues have intercellular spaces between them
(d) Cells of striated muscles are multinucleate and unbranched.
Answer: (c) Epithelial tissues have intercellular spaces between them
[ This statement is wrong because epithelial tissues have tightly packed cells with very little or no intercellular spaces, which helps them act as a protective covering.]
33. The water conducting tissue generally present in gymnosperm is
(a) vessels (b) sieve tube (c) tracheids (d) xylem fibres
Answer: (c) tracheids
[ In gymnosperms, the main water conducting tissue is tracheids. They lack vessels, so tracheids help in transport of water and also provide support to the plant.]
Short Answer Questions
34. Animals of colder regions and fishes of cold water have thicker layer of subcutaneous fat. Describe why?
Answer: Animals of colder regions and fishes of cold water have a thick layer of subcutaneous fat because fat acts as an insulator. It reduces heat loss from the body and helps maintain body temperature in very cold environmental conditions.
35. Match the column (A) with the column (B)
(A) (B)
(a) Fluid connective tissue (i) Subcutaneous layer
(b) Filling of space inside the organs (ii) Cartilage
(c) Striated muscle (iii) Skeletal muscle
(d) Adipose tissue (iv) Areolar tissue
(e) Surface of joints (v) Blood
(f) Stratified squamous epithelium (vi) Skin
Answer: (a) Fluid connective tissue → (v) Blood
(b) Filling of space inside the organs → (iv) Areolar tissue
(c) Striated muscle → (iii) Skeletal muscle
(d) Adipose tissue → (i) Subcutaneous layer
(e) Surface of joints → (ii) Cartilage
(f) Stratified squamous epithelium → (vi) Skin
36. Match the column (A) with the column (B)
(A) (B)
(a) Parenchyma (i) Thin walled, packing cells
(b) Photosynthesis (ii) Carbon fixation
(c) Aerenchyma (iii) Localized thickenings
(d) Collenchyma (iv) Buoyancy
(e) Permanent tissue (v) Sclerenchyma
Answer: (a) Parenchyma → (i) Thin walled, packing cells
[ Parenchyma forms the basic packing tissue with thin cellulose walls and intercellular spaces.]
(b) Photosynthesis → (ii) Carbon fixation
[ Photosynthesis involves fixing carbon dioxide into organic compounds/glucose. ]
(c) Aerenchyma → (iv) Buoyancy
[ Aerenchyma is a modified parenchyma with large air cavities that provides buoyancy to aquatic plants.]
(d) Collenchyma → (iii) Localized thickenings
[ Collenchyma has living cells with uneven/thickened cell walls at corners due to pectin deposition.]
(e) Permanent tissue → (v) Sclerenchyma
[ Sclerenchyma is a type of simple permanent tissue with thick lignified walls and it is a key example of permanent tissue in the options ]
37. If a potted plant is covered with a glass jar, water vapours appear on the wall of glass jar. Explain why?
Answer: Water vapour appears on the inner wall of the glass jar because the plant loses water through transpiration from its leaves. This water vapour gets trapped inside the jar and condenses on the cooler glass surface forming tiny droplets.
38. Name the different components of xylem and draw a living component?
Answer: The different components of xylem are tracheids , vessels (or tracheae) , xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma .
Xylem parenchyma
39. Draw and identify different elements of phloem.
Answer: The diagram of phloem :
40. Write true (T) or false (F)
(a) Epithelial tissue is protective tissue in animal body.
(b) The lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli and kidney tubules are all made up of epithelial tissue.
(c) Epithelial cells have a lot of intercellular spaces.
(d) Epithelial layer is permeable layer.
(e) Epithelial layer does not allow regulation of materials between body and external environment.
Answer: (a) Epithelial tissue is protective tissue in animal body.→ True .
(b) The lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli and kidney tubules are all made up of epithelial tissue. → True .
(c) Epithelial cells have a lot of intercellular spaces. → False .
(d) Epithelial layer is permeable layer. → True .
(e) Epithelial layer does not allow regulation of materials between body and external environment. → False .
41. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles. Give one example of each type.
Answer: The Difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles are :
|
Voluntary muscles |
Involuntary muscles |
|
(i) Voluntary muscles are under conscious control . |
(i) Involuntary muscles work automatically . |
|
(ii) Voluntary muscles are controlled by the somatic nervous system. |
(ii) Involuntary muscles are regulated by the autonomic nervous system. |
|
(iii) Voluntary muscles are mainly skeletal muscles attached to bones (e.g., biceps, quadriceps, muscles of arms, legs, face). |
(iii) Involuntary muscles include smooth muscles (e.g., in stomach, intestines, blood vessels) and cardiac muscle (heart). |
|
(iv) Voluntary (skeletal) muscles are striated (striped appearance under microscope), long, cylindrical, and multinucleated. |
(iv) Involuntary muscles are non-striated (smooth muscle) or specially striated (cardiac), usually spindle-shaped or branched, and uninucleated. |
Example: Voluntary muscle: Biceps and Involuntary muscle: Stomach muscles
42. Differentiate the following activities on the basis of voluntary (V) or involuntary (I V) muscles.
(a) Jumping of frog
(b) Pumping of the heart
(c) Writing with hand
(d) Movement of chocolate in your intestine
Answer: Differentiate the following activities on the basis of voluntary (V) or involuntary (IV) muscles:
(a) Jumping of frog → V (Voluntary) It is performed by skeletal muscles in the frog's limbs, under conscious/controlled action by the frog's nervous system.
(b) Pumping of the heart → IV (Involuntary) It is carried out by cardiac muscles, which beat rhythmically without conscious control.
(c) Writing with hand → V (Voluntary) It involves skeletal muscles of the hand and arm, controlled by our will/conscious effort.
(d) Movement of chocolate in your intestine → IV (Involuntary) It is due to peristalsis by smooth muscles in the alimentary canal (gut), which works automatically without our conscious control.
43. Fill in the blanks
(a) Lining of blood vessels is made up of———.
(b) Lining of small intestine is made up of ———.
(c) Lining of kidney tubules is made up of———.
(d) Epithelial cells with cilia are found in———of our body.
Answer: (a) Lining of blood vessels is made up of squamous epithelium.
(b) Lining of small intestine is made up of columnar epithelium.
(c) Lining of kidney tubules is made up of cuboidal epithelium.
(d) Epithelial cells with cilia are found in respiratory tract of our body.
44. Water hyacinth float on water surface. Explain.
Answer: Water hyacinth floats on the water surface because of the presence of large air cavities in the aerenchyma (specialized parenchyma tissue) of its petioles and stems. These air cavities provide buoyancy to the plant.
45. Which structure protects the plant body against the invasion of parasites?
Answer: The epidermis of the plant protects the plant body against the invasion of parasites. It acts as a protective outer layer and often has a waxy cuticle that prevents harmful microorganisms from entering.
46. Fill in the blanks
(a) Cork cells possesses———on their walls that makes it impervious to gases and water.
(b) ——— have tubular cells with perforated walls and are living in nature.
(c) Bone possesses a hard matrix composed of———and ———.
Answer: (a) Cork cells possess suberin on their walls that makes it impervious to gases and water.
(b) Phloem have tubular cells with perforated walls and are living in nature.
(c) Bone possesses a hard matrix composed of collagen and calcium salts.
47. Why is epidermis important for the plants ?
Answer: Epidermis is important for plants because it forms the outer protective layer. It protects plant from injury water loss and infection. The waxy cuticle reduces water loss. Stomata help in gas exchange and transpiration. In roots, epidermal cells help in absorption of water and minerals from soil.
48. Fill in the blanks
(a) ——— are forms of complex tissue.
(b) ——— have guard cells.
(c) Cells of cork contain a chemical called ———
(d) Husk of coconut is made of ——— tissue.
(e) ——— gives flexibility in plants.
(f) ——— and ——— are both conducting tissues.
(g) Xylem transports ——— and ——-- from soil.
(h) Phloem transport ——— from ——— to other parts of the plant.
Answer: (a) Xylem and Phloem are forms of complex tissue.
(b) Epidermis have guard cells.
(c) Cells of cork contain a chemical called suberin.
(d) Husk of coconut is made of sclerenchyma tissue.
(e) Collenchyma gives flexibility in plants.
(f) Xylem and Phloem are both conducting tissues.
(g) Xylem transports water and minerals from soil.
(h) Phloem transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Long Answer Questions
49. Differentiate between sclerenchyma and parenchyma tissues. Draw well labelled diagram.
Answer: The difference between sclerenchyma and parenchyma tissues are :
|
Parenchyma |
Sclerenchyma |
|
(i) Made up of living cells |
(i) Made up of dead cells |
|
(ii) Cells are usually loosely packed with large intercellular spaces |
(ii)Cells are compactly packed with no intercellular spaces |
|
(iii) Provides storage of food and water, photosynthesis (in chlorenchyma), buoyancy (in aerenchyma), etc. |
(iii) Provides mechanical strength and support to the plant (rigid and inflexible) |
|
(iv ) Found in soft parts of the plant like roots, stems, leaves, fruits |
(iv) Found in hard parts like seed coat, husk of coconut, veins of leaves, stem bark. |
The diagram of sclerenchyma tissues :
The diagram of parenchyma tissues :
50. Describe the structure and function of different types of epithelial tissues. Draw diagram of each type of epithelial tissue.
Answer: Epithelial tissue is a protective covering tissue that forms the outer layer of body surfaces and also lines internal organs.
Types of epithelial tissues along with their structure and function are:
(i) Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of extremely thin and flat cells forming a delicate lining. It provides a smooth protective covering and allows diffusion. It is found in the oesophagus and mouth where protection against friction is needed.
(ii) Stratified squamous epithelium consists of many layers of epithelial cells. It forms the skin and protects the body by preventing wear and tear of underlying tissues.
(iii) Cuboidal epithelium consists of cube shaped cells. It is found in kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands. It helps in absorption secretion and also provides mechanical support.
(iv) Columnar ciliated epithelium consists of tall pillar like cells with hair like cilia on their surface. It is found in the intestine and respiratory tract. It helps in absorption secretion and movement of mucus by pushing it forward.
(v) Glandular epithelium consists of epithelial cells specialised for secretion. It is formed when epithelial tissue folds inward to form glands. Its main function is secretion of substances at the epithelial surface.
The diagram of each type of epithelial tissue :
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar (Ciliated)
Stratified squamous
51. Draw well labelled diagrams of various types of muscles found in human body.
Answer: The diagrams of various types of muscles :
Striated muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
52. Give reasons for
(a) Meristematic cells have a prominent nucleus and dense cytoplasm but they lack vacuole.
(b) Intercellular spaces are absent in sclerenchymatous tissues.
(c) We get a crunchy and granular feeling, when we chew pear fruit.
(d) Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocity.
(e) It is difficult to pull out the husk of a coconut tree.
Answer: (a) Meristematic cells are actively dividing cells so they need dense cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus for rapid cell division. Vacuoles are absent because they are not needed and may hinder cell division
(b) Sclerenchymatous tissues have thick lignified walls and tightly packed cells that provide strong mechanical support so intercellular spaces are absent
(c) Pear fruit feels crunchy and granular because it contains sclereids stone cells which are a type of sclerenchyma with hard lignified walls
(d) Tree branches bend freely in strong wind because collenchyma cells provide flexibility and support without breaking
(e) Coconut husk is difficult to remove because it contains sclerenchymatous fibres that are thick strong and tightly packed giving high mechanical strength
53. List the characteristics of cork. How are they formed ? Mention their role.
Answer: The characteristics of cork:
(i) Cork cells are dead and compactly arranged
(ii) They have no intercellular spaces
(iii) Cell walls are thick and contain a waxy substance called suberin
(iv) Cork is impermeable to water and gases
(v) Cells are filled with air
Cork is formed by a secondary lateral meristem called cork cambium or phellogen. The cork cambium produces cork cells on the outer side which gradually become dead and form a protective layer.
Role of cork:
(i) Protects plant from mechanical injury
(ii) Prevents loss of water
(iii) Protects against entry of microorganisms
(iv) Provides insulation to plant body
54. Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues? How are they different from one other?
Answer : Xylem and phloem are called complex tissues because they are made up of more than one type of cells working together to perform a common function. Xylem has tracheids, vessels, fibres and parenchyma, while phloem has sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma. All these different cells together help in transport of water, minerals and food in the plant.
The difference between xylem and phloem are :
|
Xylem |
Phloem |
|
Conducts water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant. |
Conducts food (sucrose and amino acids) from leaves to other parts of the plant. |
|
Movement is mostly unidirectional (upward). |
Movement is bidirectional (up and down). |
|
Made up of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers. |
Made up of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma. |
|
Vessels and tracheids are dead cells (except xylem parenchyma). |
Sieve tubes and companion cells are living cells (except phloem fibers). |
|
Provides mechanical strength to the plant. |
Does not provide mechanical strength. |
55. (a) Differentiate between meristematic and permanent tissues in plants
(b) Define the process of differentiation
(c) Name any two simple and two complex permanent tissues in plants.
Answer: (a) The difference between meristematic and permanent tissues are :
|
Meristematic Tissue |
Permanent Tissue |
|
Cells are constantly dividing. |
Cells have lost the ability to divide. |
|
Cells are small, with thin cell walls and dense cytoplasm. |
Cells are larger, with thick cell walls (in some) and less cytoplasm. |
|
No intercellular spaces (or very few). |
Intercellular spaces are often present. |
|
Have a prominent nucleus. |
May lack a prominent nucleus (especially in dead cells). |
|
Found only in specific growing regions (e.g., root tips, shoot tips). |
Found throughout the plant body. |
|
No stored food; vacuoles are absent or very small. |
Vacuoles are large; may store food. |
(b) Differentiation is the process in which cells derived from meristematic tissue take up permanent shape, size and function to form specialised tissues. During this process cells lose their ability to divide and get modified to perform specific functions in the plant body.
(c) The simple permanent tissues are parenchyma and collenchyma .
The complex permanent tissues are xylem and phloem .
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